We examine how social capital dimensions of networks affect the transfer of knowledge between network members. Woolcock, 1999, with bonding, bridging, and linking social capital being most commonly discussed in the literature. Individuals gain through building social capital, and so too do societies. Bonding social capital refers to the social ties and networks within homogeneous groups in a community terrion, 2006. Social capital and young adolescents perceived health in different sociocultural settings. Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. The role of social capital in cooperative development. Social capital may play a role in the incidence and prevalence of mental illness. Olson 1982, the rise and decline of nations, yale university press, new haven, usa ostrom 1994, constituting social capital and collective action, journal of theoretical politics 6 4 pantoja 1999, exploring the concept of social capital and its relevance for community based development.
All of the social capital measures were highly correlated with each other and with the violent crime measures table 3. Measurement and consequences robert putnam1 this paper starts with a discussion of definitions of social capital, then turns to issues in measurement, and finally, presents some evidence on the consequences of social capital. Social capital has grown out of the recognition that healthrelated behaviours are shaped and constrained by a range of social and community contexts and that the ways in which an individual relates to social networks and communities has important effects on their health and wellbeing. Social capitalis it a good investment strategy for public. Income inequality was strongly correlated with both per capita group membership r. Communitybased health insurance cbhi is an emerging concept for providing financial protection against the cost of illness and improving access to quality health services for lowincome rural households who are excluded from formal insurance. Report prepared for the policy research division, strategic policy directorate, population and public health branch, health canada, 2003. New york wikipedia citation please see wikipedias template documentation for further citation fields that may be required. This is unfortunate because his is probably the most theoretically useful and sophisticated attempt to deal with the issue. Social capital, defined as the institutions, relationships, attitudes, and values that govern interactions among people and contribute to economic and social development grootaert and van bastelaer 2001 is increasingly recognised as having a positive effect on individual health coleman, 1990, putnam, leonardi et al. This focus owes much to the work of the social epidemiologist richard g. Sc include network access and forms of participation.
In terms of pathways from income inequality to health, it has been suggested that more generous welfare regimes, public spending e. The income inequality hypothesis states that income inequality has a negative effect on individuals health, partially because it reduces social trust. Wilkinson, 1996 have drawn on the work of putnam 1993 to argue that social cohesiontrust is one of the main mechanisms linking the national degree of income inequality with health. Goetzb,c a department of economics, american university of sharjah, sharjah 26666, united arab emirates b department of agricultural and regional economics, penn state university, united states c the northeast regional center for rural. Social capital, 39, for a distinction between financial. Despite a history in public health dating back to john snow that underlined the importance of social systems for health, an imbalance has developed in the attention given to generating social capital compared to such things as modification of individuals. Kennedy3 1 trafford centre for medical research, university of sussex 2 department of health and social behavior, harvard school of public health. Social capital and social wellbeing discussion paper. In turn, both social trust and group membership were associated with total mortality. This paper extends previous studies by examining long time series for 12 of the worlds. Communitybased health insurance and social capital. Wilkinson who in a series of papers and monographs wilkinson, 1992, 1996, wilkinson and pickett, 2009 has advanced the hypothesis that inequality adversely affects individual and population health because of psychosocial causes, that inequality is, in.
In a recent commentary in the journal, fran baum raised the question, whether social capital is good for your health. Social capital may counterbalance the stress of modern life and thereby reduce heart disease and unhealthy behaviors e. Advances in social capital research imply that social capital is a multidimensional construct putnam, 2000. Gillies 1998, kawachi et al 1997, lomas 1998 and wilkinson 1996 have suggested that social capital might also. Report for publication submitted to the applied research and analysis directorate, information, analysis and connectivity branch, health canada.
In the last five years, i have been working exclusively on. Online publication 9 march 2011 the association between. The journal of socioeconomics 36 2007 650671 social and political forces as determinants of poverty. The utility of social capital in research on health determinants james macinko and barbara starfield the johns hopkins medical institutions t his article is the result of a systematic search of the literature from several social science and public health databases, and includes articles, books, and commentary primarily from the 1980s to the. The direction of causality is a point of contention not easily resolved. Income inequality, social cohesion and the health status. Social capital, income inequality, and mortality article pdf available in american journal of public health 879. Some forms of social capital, like the group of people who gather at the bar every. Social capital has been vaunted as the next big idea in social policy and health since its recent incorporation into public health discourse. Wilkinson 1996 summary integration or social capital or collective ef. There have been a number of methodological advances with regard to. The myth of social capital in community development.
Wilkinson 1996, income inequality influences health by the erosion of. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. The case of coal mining areas of in orissa, india, social capital. State social capital and individual health status jennifer. Fundamentals of social capital introduction the concept of social capital has numerous connotations to explain a variety of human social, economic, and political behaviors. More recently a range of authors such as baum, 1999. James coleman in educational sociology 1988 and francis fukuyama 1996 in economic history and sociology, as well as to the active patronage of the world bank 1997. Effectiveness of alliances and partnerships for health. Social capital, income inequality, and firearm violent. Mortality, the social environment, crime and violence.
Bourdieus 1985 use of the term social capital is an explicit attempt to understand the production of classes and class divisions. For 15 developed countries with comparable income inequality data, lynch and colleagues showed that indicators of social capital, such as trust and belonging to and volunteering for community organisations, were all much more strongly related to gross domestic product per person than to income inequality. The contemporary authors, who are responsible for bringing the social capital debate to its current popularity, include pierre bourdieu, james coleman and robert putnam. A year later that predictionwas tested quantitatively. Section 1 describes social capital as one amongst other types of capital natural capital, produced economic capital and human capital that contribute to well being. Social and political forces as determinants of poverty. Public health and its basic science, epidemiology, have become colonised by the individualistic ethic of medicine and economics.
Putnam 2000 distinguishes between bridging and bonding social. Social capital, networks, and knowledge transfer academy. The social capital hypothesis holds that higher levels of income inequality increase status differentials between individuals, reduce social mixing across groups, thereby reducing levels of interpersonal trust kaplan et al. Individuals, groups, and communities may have access to and use varying amounts of. Before answering specific points i should draw attention to two new studies that support the importance of relative income over absolute. State social capital and individual health status several distinct mechanisms have been described as potential pathways from social capital to individual health. The utility of social capital in research on health.
This article aims to critically assess the income inequality hypothesis by comparing several analytical strategies, namely ols regression, multilevel regression, fixed effects models and fixed effects models using pseudo panel data. Social capital as a health determinant how is it defined. Agestandardized total and causespecific mortality rates in 1990 were obtained for each state. Using a social capital framework, we identify structural, cognitive, and relational dimensions for the three network types. Some forms of social capital are highly formal, like a pta parentteacher association organisation or a national organisation of any sort, or a labour union, formally organised with a chairman and a president, and membership dues and so on. The term social capital has been identified as a collection of resources that either an individual or. Social capital and mental health the british journal of. The paper by lynch et al 1 is intended to cast doubt on the importance to health of social capital, relative income and psychosocial pathways, and to gain support for a view of the continued importance of absolute income and of neomaterial factors. It is a term that is increasingly used in academic literature, government social policies, international agency economic and social initiatives. Research by richard wilkinson and kate pickett has.
Higher levels of social mistrust were associated with higher levels of firearm violent crime, while higher per capita group membership was associated with lower levels of firearm violent crime. For example, coleman 1990 defined social capital as aspects of the social structure that facilitate certain actions of the individuals within that structure p. Association between income inequality and mental health. Cbhi is currently being provided in some rural areas in developing countries and there is ongoing research about its impact on the wellbeing of the. Social capital and health plus wealth, income inequality. That equal societies are healthier is an argument particularly associated with richard wilkinson 1992, 1996, 2000, as well as the collection of papers edited by ichiro kawachi, bruce kennedy, and wilkinson 1999. Pdf social capital, income inequality, and mortality. Most of the social capital research in the putnam 1993 tradition falls within the disciplinary boundaries of economics and political science.
498 704 278 329 1400 930 271 1512 253 190 1232 1267 254 936 555 1459 484 316 1167 19 489 460 543 1214 1363 693 1008 781 809 1480 1038 1063 752 1341 1061